Microgreens Growth Lighting Guide: How Setting Them Up？

Microgreens Growth Lighting Guide: Setting up Your Indoor Microgreens Setup for Success

Microgreens are young plants harvested when they are just a few inches tall and have developed their first set of true leaves. They are becoming increasingly popular due to their many benefits, including their high nutritional value, great taste, and ease of growing. However, in order to grow healthy and nutritious microgreens, proper lighting is crucial.

Light is essential for plant growth, as it enables photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy that they use to grow. Without adequate light, microgreens can become stunted, weak, and lack the nutrients that make them so valuable. The proper lighting can help ensure that microgreens grow strong and healthy, and reach their full potential in terms of both flavor and nutritional content.

In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide on how to set up your indoor microgreen growing environment, with a particular focus on lighting. We will discuss the different types of grow lights available, the best ways to position them, and the ideal light spectrum and intensity for microgreen growth. Whether you are a seasoned grower or just starting out, this guide will provide the knowledge and tools you need to create a successful microgreen growing setup.

Understanding the Lighting Needs of Microgreens

Microgreens are an excellent source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and they are easy to grow indoors. However, the quality of microgreens heavily relies on the type of lighting used during the growing process. In this section, we will discuss the importance of proper lighting for microgreen growth.

The Role of Light in Microgreen Growth

Light is an essential factor in the growth and development of microgreens. As they are grown indoors, light becomes the primary energy source for these plants to perform photosynthesis, which is essential for survival. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light into energy to build their tissues and produce their food.

Microgreens go through several stages of growth, each with different light requirements. The initial stage is the germination stage, where seeds absorb water and start to grow. During this stage, microgreens do not require any light, but they do need a moist and warm environment to germinate successfully.

Once the seeds have germinated, the microgreens enter the growth stage. During this phase, microgreens require bright light for photosynthesis and to promote healthy growth. The light requirements vary depending on the type of microgreen being grown, but in general, these plants require light with a wavelength of 400-700 nm, which is the range of light that plants use for photosynthesis.

The final stage of microgreen growth is the harvest stage. At this time, microgreens do not require light, as they are no longer growing.

Light Spectrum and Its Effect on Microgreens

The light spectrum refers to the range of light wavelengths visible to the human eye. Different wavelengths of light have different effects on plant growth and development. A microgreen growing setup requires a specific spectrum of light for optimal growth.

The ideal spectrum for microgreens is a combination of blue and red wavelengths. Blue light is essential for promoting vegetative growth, while red light is for flowering and fruiting. A grow light with a full spectrum, including blue and red wavelengths, is recommended for growing microgreens.

Light Intensity and Duration Required for Optimal Growth

The intensity of light refers to the amount of light that the plants receive. The level required for optimal growth varies depending on the plant type, the growth stage, and the light spectrum. Microgreens require high light power for optimal growth.

The ideal light intensity for microgreens is between 200 and 400 µmol m-2 s-1. Light intensity is measured in lumens or lux, with lux being the most common unit of measurement for plants. Microgreens require a minimum of 3,000 lux for optimal growth, with some varieties requiring up to 10,000 lux. The duration of light refers to the amount of time the plants receive light. For microgreens, the recommended light period is between 12 and 16 hours per day.

Inadequate lighting can have several adverse effects on microgreen growth and yield. For example, insufficient light intensity can result in thin, weak stems and poor-quality leaves. An inadequate light spectrum can cause distorted growth, yellowing leaves, and poor flavor. Insufficient light duration can result in stunted growth and poor yields.

In a study conducted by researchers at the University of Florida, microgreens grown under low light intensity (50 µmol/m2/s) had a poorer yield and lower antioxidant activity compared to microgreens under high light intensity (200 µmol/m2/s). Similarly, microgreens cultivated under blue light had higher antioxidant activity than those under red light.

Choosing the Best Grow Lights for Microgreens

When it comes to selecting the best grow lights for microgreens, there are several factors to consider. Several types of grow lights are available, each with pros and cons.

Fluorescent lights are typical for growing microgreens. They are affordable, energy-efficient, and provide a broad spectrum of light suitable for microgreens. The two most popular types of fluorescent lamps for microgreens are T5 and T8 tubes. T5 tubes are more expensive than T8 tubes but provide more light per watt.

LED grow lights are becoming more popular for farming microgreens. They are energy-efficient, long-lasting, and provide a full spectrum of light suitable for microgreens. Microgreens LED grow lights are more expensive than fluorescent lights, but they last longer and consume less electricity.

Types of LED Grow Lights for Microgreens

The trend towards LED grow lights is understandable, considering their many benefits. Here are a few options:

• Full Spectrum LED Grow Lights: These microgreen LED grow lights provide a full range of light wavelengths similar to natural sunlight, which is ideal for these plants. They are suitable for use throughout the entire growth cycle of microgreens.
• Red and Blue LED Grow Lights: These LED grow lights for microgreens emit light in the red and blue spectrum, which is the range that plants primarily absorb. They are fit for use during the vegetative growth stage of microgreens.
• White LED Grow Lights: These LEDs provide a full spectrum of light but with less emphasis on red and blue wavelengths. Use them during the flowering stage of microgreens.
• High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Grow Lights: HID grow lights are powerful and provide intense light for growing microgreens. They are appropriate for large-scale operations but are less common for growing microgreens due to their high cost and energy consumption.

Factors to Consider When Selecting Grow Lights

Choosing the most optimum grow lights for microgreens is crucial. Pay attention to the following factors:

• Light Spectrum: Microgreens require different light spectrums at various stages of growth. For example, blue light is essential for germination, while red light is necessary for leaf growth. Grow lights that provide a full spectrum of light or that you can adjust to emit different light spectrums are better.
• Light Intensity: Microgreens require high light intensity to grow, but too much light can cause damage to the plants. Look for grow lights that provide adjustable power or that you can move closer or further away from the plants.
• Heat Output: Grow lights generate heat, which can affect the temperature of the growing environment. Some types of grow lights, such as HIDs, create a lot of heat, which will require additional cooling equipment. Aim for grow lights that emit low heat output or come with built-in cooling systems.
• Cost: Fluorescent lights are the most affordable option, followed by LED lights, while HID lights are the most expensive. Consider the initial cost of the light, as well as its energy consumption and lifespan.

Comparison of Different Grow Light Options

Light is an essential item in microgreen farming. If your plants grow under inadequate light, they turn pale and weak, which brings us to the importance of applying the best grow lights for microgreens available. In summary, below are the best lighting for microgreens.      

• Fluorescent Lights
  • Affordable
  • Energy-efficient
  • Customizable
  • Not the most powerful grow lights available
  • May need frequent replacement
• Pros 
• Cons
• LED Lights
  • Energy-efficient
  • Customizable
  • Long lifespan
  • More expensive than fluorescent lights
• Pros
• Cons
• HID Lights
  • Most powerful grow lights available
  • Expensive
  • High energy consumption
  • High heat production
• Pros
• Cons

Setting Up a Microgreen Indoor Grow System

Growing microgreens indoors under lights is a great way to produce fresh and nutritious greens year-round. Several essential pieces of equipment and materials are necessary to install an indoor microgreen grow system. Read on for the tools required, a step-by-step guide for setting up a microgreen grow system, and tips for maintaining optimal growing conditions.

Below is the critical equipment that you require for an indoor microgreen setup:

• Grow Lights: Grow lights are essential for indoor microgreens because they provide the light spectrum required for optimal growth. LED grow lights are the most popular type because they are energy-efficient and produce less heat.
• Growing Trays: Growing trays hold the growing medium and seeds. Choose between plastic, metal, and biodegradable trays.
• Growing Medium: The growing medium is the material in which the microgreens grow. There are several types of growing mediums available, including soil, coco coir, peat moss, and vermiculite.
• Seeds: Choose high-quality seeds specifically labeled for microgreens. Some popular ones include arugula, basil, broccoli, chia, and mustard.
• Watering System: A watering system is a must to provide moisture to the growing medium. You can use a simple watering can or spray bottle. 

To set up your microgreen grow system, follow this step-by-step guide:

1. Choose a Growing Space: Choose a location that has access to electricity and is free from drafts.
2. Set up the Grow Lights: Hang the grow lights above the growing trays according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Adjust the height of the lights to provide the correct light intensity.
3. Fill the Growing Trays: Fill the trays with the growing medium of your choice, leaving a small space at the top.
4. Plant the Seeds: Scatter the seeds evenly over the surface of the growing medium. Gently press the seeds in.
5. Water the Seeds: Water the seeds using a watering can or spray bottle until the growing medium is moist.
6. Cover the Seeds: Cover the seeds with a blackout dome or another tray to provide darkness for germination.
7. Provide Light: After a few days, remove the blackout dome and place the trays under the grow lights.
8. Water the Microgreens: Water the microgreens daily using a watering can or spray bottle.
9. Harvest: Harvest the microgreens when they reach the desired height, usually around 7-14 days after planting.

Optimal growing conditions guarantee a good harvest. Here are some elements to consider:

1. Temperature: Microgreens grow best in temperatures between 60-75 degrees Fahrenheit.
2. Humidity: The humidity level should be around 50-60% to prevent the microgreens from drying out.
3. Airflow: Proper airflow is essential to prevent the growth of mold and mildew. Use a small fan to circulate the air.
4. Watering: Do not overwater the microgreens, as it can lead to root rot. Water the plants only when the growing medium feels dry.
5. Light: Provide the correct light intensity and duration according to the seed type and growth stage.

Don’t make the same mistakes the beginner microgreen farmers do. Among the blunders to avoid include:

• Insufficient Light Intensity: Microgreens require moderate to high light intensity for optimal growth. Using inadequate light can lead to poor growth and stunted plants.
• Overexposure: Exposing your microgreens to too much light can lead to burning and stunted growth. It is important to maintain an appropriate distance between plants and grow lights.
• Inconsistent Light Duration: This can lead to uneven growth and poor yields. Use a timer to ensure regular light periods.
• Wrong Spectrum: Using the unsuitable spectrum can lead to poor growth and yields. A full-spectrum LED grow light is optimal.

Conclusion

The proper lighting for microgreens growth is crucial for healthy and optimal yields. LED grow lights are an excellent choice for indoor microgreen setups due to their efficiency, low heat output, and adjustable spectrum. When setting up your grow system, ensure you have the necessary equipment, including trays, a medium, and an irrigation system.

To optimize growth, provide the correct amount of light intensity, duration, and spectrum. Watering and fertilizing the microgreens properly is essential, as is avoiding common mistakes such as overwatering or harvesting too early. Finally, if you encounter any growth issues, troubleshoot them by adjusting the light, water, and nutrients.